ABSTRACT
Propósito: Describir los resultados de los primeros 5 años de un programa de ingreso diferenciado de estudiantes destacados de nivel socioeconómico bajo a carreras de la salud de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile. Material y Método: Se incorporaron anualmente 10 a 20 alumnos de tercero y cuarto Medio de escasos recursos por sus antecedentes académicos y psicosociales. Durante uno o dos años recibieron refuerzo en ramos científicos y habilidades para la vida, tutoría y orientación vocacional. Rindieron también la PAA/PSU. De los preseleccionados, se eligieron hasta 5 por año para ingresar a la Facultad de acuerdo a sus antecedentes académicos, vocacionales y condiciones psicosociales de adaptación. Cursaron las carreras con beca completa y otros apoyos económicos. A aquellos que no ingresaron se les facilitaron otras instancias de educación superior. Resultados: A la fecha, han participado 57 estudiantes, 43,9% mujeres y 56,1% hombres. Su promedio de notas de enseñanza media fue x igual 6,1. 43,5% no tenía expectativas previas de ingresar a la universidad. Durante el apoyo inicial 41,1% evidenció déficit de hábitos y técnicas de estudio, 67,3% desorientación vocacional, 33,3% psicopatología y 38,6% conductas de riesgo. 15,8% desertó y 17,5% fue excluido. La deserción se debió principalmente a problemas vocacionales y stress, y la exclusión a mal rendimiento y psicopatología. 47,4% de los que finalizaron la etapa previa fue seleccionado para cursar carreras en la Facultad. Sus puntajes ponderados estuvieron bajo los mínimos para el ingreso regular. Su desempeño posterior fue en general satisfactorio. Conclusiones: El programa generó oportunidades de acceso a la universidad fuera de las expectativas de este grupo de jóvenes. Su realidad psicosocial dificultó su desempeño. El apoyo en esta área es muy importante en este tipo de programas...
Purpose: To describe the results from the first 5 years of a differentiated admission program designed for outstanding students of low socioeconomic income admitted to health careers of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile. Materials and Methods: Annually, 10 to 20 low-income- students from 3rd and 4th years of secondary school entered the program in virtue of their academic and psychosocial background. For one or two years, they received extra support in scientific subjects and abilities for life, tutoring and vocational guidance. They also took the PAA/PUU (general post-secondary school test). Of the students who succeeded the pre-selection, up to 5 per year were chosen for admission to University according to their academic and vocational background and their psychosocial adaptation conditions. They studied their careers under full bursary coverage and other financial supports. Those who failed admission were helped to access other instances of higher education. Results: To date, 57 students have participated in the program. Of these, 43,9% are females and 56,1% are men. Their average secondary school grade was x = 6,1. In total, 43,5% had no prior expectations on being admitted to university. During the initial support delivery, 41,1% evidenced a lack of study habits and techniques, 33,3%showed a psychopathological condition and 38,6% evidenced risk behaviors. In 15,8% of the cases students dropped out and in 17,5% there was student exclusion. Drop out was due mainly to vocational problems and stress, and exclusion was due to low performance and psychopathological conditions. Of the students who completed the previous stage, 47,4% was selected to study careers at the Faculty. Their test scores were below the minimum for regular admission. In general, their subsequent performance was satisfactory. Conclusions: The program generated university access opportunities that...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Equity , Program Evaluation , Training Support , Chile , Universities , Socioeconomic Factors , Students, Health OccupationsABSTRACT
The Maxi-chloride channel was the first ion channel described by electrophysiological methods in placenta. Because it is difficult to access a complex epithelium such as the placenta for electrophysiological procedures, the studies of ion channels from placental membranes have been performed only very recently. It was only in 1993 that a direct demonstration of a high-conductance chloride channel in apical membranes of intact trophoblastic epithelium was mentioned, and two years later, the description of this channel was reported from purified placental apical membranes reconstituted into artificial lipid membranes suitable for patch-clamp recordings. This brief review comments on the work done with regard to the electrophysiological characterization and regulation of the large-conductance or "Maxi" chloride channel and its contribution to the development of a cellular model for syncytiotrophoblast ion transport.